Acorus calamus.L

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Common name : Sweet Flag, calamus, flagroot, sweet cane, sweet grass, sweetroot, sweet rush,bach, Gorbacc

Taxonomical ID:4465

Vernacular Names

1. Assamese : Mahaneem. Maha-neem 2. Bengali : Neem 3. English : Indian Lilac, Margosa, Margosa tree, Neem,Neem tree 4. Gujarati : Limba 5. Hindi : Neem 6. Irula : Veeppa, maram 7. Kannada : Bevu/ Kirubevu, Turakabevu 8. Malayalam : Ariyaveppu, Ayurveppu, Kaippanveppu , Nimbam, Vembu, Veppu 9. Marathi : Nimbay 10. Tamil : Sengumaru, Vembu, Veppa, Veppai 11. Telugu : Vepa Source : FRLHT’s ENVIS
Botanical Description

Azadirachta indica is a tropical evergreen of the MELIACEAE family that grows up to 25 m high. It has rough dark brown bark with wide longitudinal fissures separated by flat ridges. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, each comprising 5-15 leaflets that are arranged in alternate pairs with terminal leaflets. The compound leaves are themselves alternating with one another. The thin, lanceolate leaflets measure about 6 cm long and 2 cm broad. It bears many flowered panicles, mostly in the leaf-axils. The sepals are ovate and about 1 cm long with sweet scented white oblanceolate petals. It produces yellow drupes that are ellipsoid and glabrous, 12-20 cm long. Source : Medicinal plants of the world: chemical constituents, traditional and modem medicinal uses by Ivan Ross (Volume 2 )
Conservation Status

Least concern source : IUCN
Medicinal uses

Hot water extract of the bark is taken orally by the adult female as a tonic and emmenagogue. The hot water extract of the dried fixed oil is taken orally as an emmenagogue. Anthraquinone fraction of the dried flower, fruit and leaf is taken orally for leprosy. Hot water extract of the flower and leaf is taken orally as an antihistorical remedy, and is used externally to treat wounds. The dried flowers are taken orally for diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is used for piles and externally for skin diseases and ulcers. Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken orally as an anthelmintic, an insecticide and a purgative. Juices of the bark of Andrographis paniculate, Azadirachta indica and Tinospora cordifolia are taken orally as a treatment for filariasis. Hot water extract of the bark is taken with water, orally before breakfast, for leprosy. The extract is also taken for fever and diabetes, and as a tonic, refrigerant, anthelmintic and antiperiodic. The fresh fruit is used externally for leprosy. Fruit, leaf and root, ground and mixed with dried ginger and "trifala", a preparation consisting of the powdered fruit of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb., T. Chebula Retz, and Emblica officinalis Gaertn., is taken orally with lukewarm water to treat common fevers. Leaf juice is administered by intravenous infusion for chronic skin diseases, and is taken orally as an anthelmintic. Source : Medicinal Plants of the World

S.No	Phytochemical Name	Phytochemical ID	Synonyms
1	Beta asarone	CID_5281758	cis-Isoelemicin cis-Isoasarone cis-Asarone
2	Alpha-asarone	CID_636822	Asarone
3	Elemicine	CID_10248	Elemicin
4	cisisoelemicine	N.A
5	isoeugenol	CID_853433	trans-Isoeugenol
6	camphene	CID_6616	Comphene
7	P‑ cymene	CID_7463	4-Isopropyltoluene
8	α‑ selinene	CID_348290924	N.A
9	bgurjunene	N.A
10	β‑ cadinene	CID_49854399	N.A
11	camphor	CID_2537	2-Camphanone
13	aterpineol	N.A
12	terpinen‑ 4‑ ol	CID_5325830	N.A
14	calacorene	CID_91753138	(Z)-Calacorene
15	acorone	CID_5316254	Isoacorone
16	acrenone	N.A
17	acoragermacrone	CID_6452183	N.A
18	2‑ deca -4,7 dienol	N.A
19	linalool	CID_6549	LINALYL ALCOHOL
20	preisocalamendiol	CID_12305705	N.A
21	galangin	CID_5281616	Norizalpinin
22	2, 4, 5‑ trimethoxy benzaldehyde	CID_20525	N.A
23	2, 5 dimethoxy benzoquinone	CID_53963286	N.A
24	calamendiol	CID_181982	Calameon Calameone
25	spathulenol	CID_92231	Spatulenol
26	sitosterol	CID_222284	Cupreol Azuprostat
27	β‑ ocimene	CID_348285468	N.A
28	4-Terpineol	CID_11230	4-Carvomenthenol Terpinen-4-ol
29	2-Allyl-5-ethoxy-4- methoxyphenol	CID_596924	n.a
30	Epieudesmin	CID_7000209	n.a
31	Lysidine	CID_10798	2-METHYL-2-IMIDAZOLINE
32	Spathulenol	CID_92231	n.a
33	Borneol	CID_64685	Isoborneol
34	Furylethyl ketone	n.a
35	Nonanoic Acid	CID_8158	Pelargonic acid
36	2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-hexanol	CID_230736	n.a
37	Bornyl acetate	CID_6448	Isobornyl acetate
38	Galgravin	CID_101749	Galbelgin
39	Retusin	CID_5352005	Quercetin-3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether
40	Butyl Butanoate	CID_7983	Butyl butyrate
41	Geranylacetate	N.A
42	Sakuranin	CID_73607	n.a
43	Isoelemicin	CID_5318557	5-Propenyl-1,2,3-trimethoxy trans-Isoelemicin
44	Acetophenone	CID_7410	Methyl phenyl ketone
45	Linolenic acid	CID_5280934	linolenate

A. calamus has IC50 value 475.48 ± 0.08 µg/mL whereas 11.72 ± 0.03 µg/mL for standard.

source : Chandra et al.,2017

3D phytochemicals

AMMPDB VER.1.1

Acorus calamus.L

Common name : Sweet Flag, calamus, flagroot, sweet cane, sweet grass, sweetroot, sweet rush,bach, Gorbacc

source : Chandra et al.,2017