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Citrullus Colocynthis 

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Common name : indarayan
  • Vernacular Names
    1. Assamese : Mahaneem. Maha-neem 2. Bengali : Neem 3. English : Indian Lilac, Margosa, Margosa tree, Neem,Neem tree 4. Gujarati : Limba 5. Hindi : Neem 6. Irula : Veeppa, maram 7. Kannada : Bevu/ Kirubevu, Turakabevu 8. Malayalam : Ariyaveppu, Ayurveppu, Kaippanveppu , Nimbam, Vembu, Veppu 9. Marathi : Nimbay 10. Tamil : Sengumaru, Vembu, Veppa, Veppai 11. Telugu : Vepa Source : FRLHT’s ENVIS
  • Botanical Description
    Azadirachta indica is a tropical evergreen of the MELIACEAE family that grows up to 25 m high. It has rough dark brown bark with wide longitudinal fissures separated by flat ridges. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, each comprising 5-15 leaflets that are arranged in alternate pairs with terminal leaflets. The compound leaves are themselves alternating with one another. The thin, lanceolate leaflets measure about 6 cm long and 2 cm broad. It bears many flowered panicles, mostly in the leaf-axils. The sepals are ovate and about 1 cm long with sweet scented white oblanceolate petals. It produces yellow drupes that are ellipsoid and glabrous, 12-20 cm long. Source : Medicinal plants of the world: chemical constituents, traditional and modem medicinal uses by Ivan Ross (Volume 2 )
  • Conservation Status
    Least concern source : IUCN
  • Medicinal uses
    Hot water extract of the bark is taken orally by the adult female as a tonic and emmenagogue. The hot water extract of the dried fixed oil is taken orally as an emmenagogue. Anthraquinone fraction of the dried flower, fruit and leaf is taken orally for leprosy. Hot water extract of the flower and leaf is taken orally as an antihistorical remedy, and is used externally to treat wounds. The dried flowers are taken orally for diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is used for piles and externally for skin diseases and ulcers. Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken orally as an anthelmintic, an insecticide and a purgative. Juices of the bark of Andrographis paniculate, Azadirachta indica and Tinospora cordifolia are taken orally as a treatment for filariasis. Hot water extract of the bark is taken with water, orally before breakfast, for leprosy. The extract is also taken for fever and diabetes, and as a tonic, refrigerant, anthelmintic and antiperiodic. The fresh fruit is used externally for leprosy. Fruit, leaf and root, ground and mixed with dried ginger and "trifala", a preparation consisting of the powdered fruit of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb., T. Chebula Retz, and Emblica officinalis Gaertn., is taken orally with lukewarm water to treat common fevers. Leaf juice is administered by intravenous infusion for chronic skin diseases, and is taken orally as an anthelmintic. Source : Medicinal Plants of the World
S.No
Phytochemical Name
Phytochemical ID
Synonym
Part
2D structure
3D Structure
1
Urosolic acid
CID_53788526
N.A
Fruit
2
Cucurbitacin E 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
N.A
Fruit
3
25-p-coumaroyl-3′- acetyl-2-O-β-D- glucocucurbitacin I
N. A
Leaf
4
6′-acetyl-2-O-β-D-gluco-cucurbitacin
N.A
Leaf
5
colocynthins A
N.A
Whole plant
6
β-sitosterol
CID_222284
Sitosterol Cupreol Azuprostat
Whole plant
7
3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
N.A
Whole plant
8
elaterinide
CID_5901827
Elaterinide
Whole plant
9
Bryoamaride
CID_44406496
N.A
Whole plant
10
4-methylquinoline
CID_10285
Lepidine
Fruit
18
2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(22 -27)-hexanor-cucurbitacin I
N.A
Whole plant
17
2-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin L
N.A
Whole plant
16
2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin I
N.A
Whole plant
15
2-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin E
N.A
Whole plant
14
2-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl-cucurbitacin
N.A
Fruits
13
2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin L
N.A
Fruits
12
3’-O-methyl ether
N.A
Fruits
1
Quercetin
CID_5280343
Meletin Sophoretin Quercetine
Leaf, stem, fruit, and root
26
2-O- β-D- glucopyranosylcucurbitacins I
N.A
Fruit
25
2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin E
N.A
Fruit
24
cucurbitacin I
CID_5281321
Elatericin B
Fruit
23
cucurbitacin E
CID_5281319
alpha-Elaterin
Fruit
22
elaterinidell
N.A
Fruit
21
tetrahydroelatericin B
N.A
Fruit
20
dihydroelatericin B
N.A
Fruit
19
elatericin B
CID_5281321
Cucurbitacin I
Fruit
29
2-O- β-D- glucopyranosylcucurbitacins L
N.A
Fruit
28
2-O- β-D- glucopyranosylcucurbitacins K
N.A
Fruit
27
2-O- β-D- glucopyranosylcucurbitacins J
N.A
Fruit

The IC50 value of C. colocynthis seeds on MDA-MB231 cell lines was determined at 86.89 ± 3.395 µg/mL.

Source : Dhakad et al.,2017

Disclaimer: The main motive behind the construction of this database is to compile information from the scientific literature on Indian medicinal plants to aid ongoing research efforts in the field of computational drug discovery.The curated data should be used only for research purposes and not for any self-diagnosis or any medical treatment.

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