zingiber officinale

ZINGIBER OFFICINALE

1/5

Taxonomical ID : 94328

Common name : Adarak, Zinger

Vernacular Names

1. Assamese : Mahaneem. Maha-neem 2. Bengali : Neem 3. English : Indian Lilac, Margosa, Margosa tree, Neem,Neem tree 4. Gujarati : Limba 5. Hindi : Neem 6. Irula : Veeppa, maram 7. Kannada : Bevu/ Kirubevu, Turakabevu 8. Malayalam : Ariyaveppu, Ayurveppu, Kaippanveppu , Nimbam, Vembu, Veppu 9. Marathi : Nimbay 10. Tamil : Sengumaru, Vembu, Veppa, Veppai 11. Telugu : Vepa Source : FRLHT’s ENVIS
Botanical Description

Azadirachta indica is a tropical evergreen of the MELIACEAE family that grows up to 25 m high. It has rough dark brown bark with wide longitudinal fissures separated by flat ridges. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, each comprising 5-15 leaflets that are arranged in alternate pairs with terminal leaflets. The compound leaves are themselves alternating with one another. The thin, lanceolate leaflets measure about 6 cm long and 2 cm broad. It bears many flowered panicles, mostly in the leaf-axils. The sepals are ovate and about 1 cm long with sweet scented white oblanceolate petals. It produces yellow drupes that are ellipsoid and glabrous, 12-20 cm long. Source : Medicinal plants of the world: chemical constituents, traditional and modem medicinal uses by Ivan Ross (Volume 2 )
Conservation Status

Least concern source : IUCN
Medicinal uses

Hot water extract of the bark is taken orally by the adult female as a tonic and emmenagogue. The hot water extract of the dried fixed oil is taken orally as an emmenagogue. Anthraquinone fraction of the dried flower, fruit and leaf is taken orally for leprosy. Hot water extract of the flower and leaf is taken orally as an antihistorical remedy, and is used externally to treat wounds. The dried flowers are taken orally for diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is used for piles and externally for skin diseases and ulcers. Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken orally as an anthelmintic, an insecticide and a purgative. Juices of the bark of Andrographis paniculate, Azadirachta indica and Tinospora cordifolia are taken orally as a treatment for filariasis. Hot water extract of the bark is taken with water, orally before breakfast, for leprosy. The extract is also taken for fever and diabetes, and as a tonic, refrigerant, anthelmintic and antiperiodic. The fresh fruit is used externally for leprosy. Fruit, leaf and root, ground and mixed with dried ginger and "trifala", a preparation consisting of the powdered fruit of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb., T. Chebula Retz, and Emblica officinalis Gaertn., is taken orally with lukewarm water to treat common fevers. Leaf juice is administered by intravenous infusion for chronic skin diseases, and is taken orally as an anthelmintic. Source : Medicinal Plants of the World

S.No	Phytochemical name	Phytochemical ID	Synonyms	Part	Medicinal uses
1	1,8 CINEOLE	CID_2758	Eucalyptol	Rhizome	Anesthetic Antiallergic Antibacterial Anticarcinogenic Antifatigue Anti inflammatory Anti ulcer
2	10-GINGEROL	CID_168115	N.A	Root	Cardiotonic
3	6-GINGEROL	CID_442793	Gingerol	Rhizome	Analgesic Antioxidant Antipyretic Anti ulcer
4	Alpha-linolenic acid	CID_5280934	linolenic acid	Rhizome	Anti inflammatory cancer preventive vasodilator
5	Alpha-pinene	CID_6654	2-Pinene	Rhizome	Antibacterial Antiacne Antiseptic Antiviral Sedative
6	Arginine	CID_6322	L-arginine	Rhizome	Antidiabetic Antioxidant Diuretic vasodilator
7	Ascorbic acid	CID_54670067	l-ascorbic acid vitamin C	Rhizome	Analgesic Antiallergic Antibacterial Antidementia Antidiabetic Antioxidant Antitumor Antiulcer Antiviral vasodilator
8	Beta-carotene	CID_5280489	N.A	Rhizome	Antiacne Antiaging Antiasthmatic Anticancer Anticarcinomic Antistress Antitumor Antiulcer
9	Beta-sitosterol	CID_222284	Sitosterol Cupreol Azuprostat	Root	Antibacterial Anticancer Antiestrogenic Anti inflammatory Antimutagenic Antitumor Antiviral
10	Borneol	CID_64685	Isoborneol	Rhizome	Analgesic Antiinflammatory Antipyretic Antisalmonella Sedative
11	Caffeic acid	CID_689043	3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid	Rhizome	Allergenic Analgesic Antibacterial Anticancer Antidepressant Antioxidant Antiseptic Antitumor
12	Camphor	CID_2537	2-Camphanone	Rhizome	Analgesic Antiacne Antidiarrheic Antiseptic
13	CURCUMIN
14	CYSTINE	CID_595	Dicysteine	Shoot	Antibiotic Antioxidant Antitumor Antiulcer
15	Delphindin	N.A	N.A	Plant	Antioxidant
16	Eugenol	CID_3314	4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol 4-Allylguaiacol Eugenic acid	Rhizome	Antibacterial Antiedemic Antiestrogenic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antipyretic Antiseptic Antiviral
17	Farnesol	CID_445070	Trans-Farnesol	Rhizome	Allergenic Anticancer Antileukemic
18	Ferulic acid	CID_445858	Trans-Ferulic Acid	Plant	Analgesic Antiaggregant Antibacterial Anticancer Antiestrogenic Antiinflammatory Antioxidant Antitumor
19	Gamma-aminobutryic acid	CID_119	4-aminobutyric acid 4-Aminobutanoic acid GABA	Rhizome	Antiinsomnic Antistress Antistress
20	Gamma- terpinene	CID_7461	p-Mentha-1,4-diene Crithmene Moslene	Rhizome	Antifeedant Antioxidant
21	Geraniol	CID_637566	Lemonol Geranyl alcohol Trans-Geraniol	Rhizome	Antibacterial Anticancer Anticarcinogenic Antiseptic Antitubercular Antitumor
22	Gingerenone-A	CID_5281775	1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-4-en-3-one	Rhizome	Anticoccidioid
23	Gingerenone-B	CID_5317592	N.A	Rhizome	N.A
24	Gingerenone- C	CID_5317593	N.A	Rhizome	N.A
25	Gingerol			Root	Antiallergic Antihepatotxic Antihistaminic Antioxidant Antipyretic Antiseptic
26	Hexahydrocurcumin	CID_5318039	3-Heptanone	Rhizome	Cholagogue Choleretic
27	Isoeugenol	CID_853433	Trans-Isoeugenol 2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenol	Rhizome	Antiinflammatory Antitumor Antioxidant
28	Kaempferol	CID_5280863	Kempferol Robigenin	Plant	Antiallergenic Antibacterial Anticancer Antifertility Antiseptic Antitumor
29	Lecithin	CID_	Lecithin Hydrogenated	Rhizome	Antioxidant Antitumor
30	Limonene	CID_22311	Dipentene Cinene Cajeputene	Rhizome	Antibacterial Anticancer Antiseptic Antitumor Antiviral
31	Linalool	CID_6549	3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Linalol LINALYL ALCOHOL	Rhizome	Antibacterial Antihistaminic Antiseptic Antiviral
32	Linoleic acid	CID_5280450	Linolic acid Telfairic acid	Root	Anti acne Antiarthritic Antigranular carcinogenic
33	Melatonin	CID_896	Melatonine	Rhizome	Anticonvulsant Antidepressant Antioxidant
34	Methionine	CID_6137	L-methionine	Root	Antidote Antihepatotic Antioxidant
35	Myrcene	CID_31253	beta-Myrcene	Rhizome	Analgesic Antimutagenic Antioxidant
36	Niacin	CID_938	Nicotinic acid Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid	Rhizome	Allergenic Antidiabetic Antidementia Antihistaminic
37	P-Coumaric acid	CID_637542	4-Hydroxycinnamic acid p-Hydroxycinnamic acid Trans-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid	Rhizome	Antifertility Antibacterial Antileukemic Antioxidant Antiseptic Antitumor
38	Palmitic acid	CID_985	Hexadecanoic acid Cetylic acid palmitate	Root	Antioxidant Antiandrogenic
39	Quercetin	CID_5280343	Meletin Sophoretin Quercetine	Plant	Allergenic Analgesic AntiHIV Antiaggregant Antibacterial Antidiabetic Anti inflammatory Antimalarial Antioxidant Antitumor Antiviral Vasodilator
40	Riboflavin	CID_493570	vitamin B2 Riboflavine Lactoflavin	Rhizome	Antimigraine Antioxidant
41	Selenium	CID_6326970	N.A	Rhizome	Antiacne Antiarthritic Antidote Antioxidant Antitumor
42	Shogaol	CID_5281794	6-Shogaol	Rhizome	Analgesic Antiallergic Antipyretic Antiseptic
43	Stigmasterol	CID_5280794	Stigmasterin	Root	Antihepatotoxic Anti inflammatory Antioxidant Antiviral
44	Tryptophan	CID_6305	L-tryptophan	Root	Analgesic Antianxiety Antioxidant Antiprostaglandin Antirheumatic
45	Vanillic acid	CID_8468	Acide vanillique	Plant	Allelopathic Antibacterial Anticancer Antifatigue Antioxidant Antiseptic Antitumor
46	Zingerone	CID_31211	Vanillylacetone	Rhizome	Antioxidant Anti inflammatory
47	Zingiberene	CID_92776	N.A	Root	Antirhinoviral Antiulcer

Source : Ezez et al.,2021

Antioxidant activities of ginger extracts were also expressed as IC50 values, and acetone extract has maximum IC50 value (0.654 and 0.812 mg/mL) followed by ethyl acetate and ethanol, while being the lowest for methanol (0.481 and 0.525 mg/mL).

Phytochemicals 3D structures

Source for phytochemicals : Duke's and pubchem

AMMPDB VER.1.1

ZINGIBER OFFICINALE

Common name : Adarak, Zinger